Boeing X-37
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- 6 spaceflights completed
- 7th spaceflight scheduled for December 2023
{{{1}}}
- X-37A: 1
- X-37B: 2
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{{#if: The sixth X-37B mission with a Service module placed inside its payload fairing| | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| National origin | United States | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| s}} | Boeing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| First flight | 7 April 2006 (first drop test) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction | {{{introduction}}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction | 22 April 2010 (first spaceflight) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Developed from | Boeing X-40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office, in collaboration with United States Space Force,<ref name=7th_X-37B_mission>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120-percent-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the United States Department of Defense in 2004. Until 2019, the program was managed by Air Force Space Command.<ref name="Pentagon-X37B-20200818">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
An X-37 first flew during a drop test in 2006; its first orbital mission was launched in April 2010 on an Atlas V rocket, and returned to Earth in December 2010. Subsequent flights gradually extended the mission duration, reaching Template:Time interval in orbit for the fifth mission, the first to launch on a Falcon 9 rocket. The latest mission, the sixth, launched on an Atlas V on 17 May 2020 and concluded on 12 November 2022, reaching a total of 908 days in orbit.<ref name="ussf-20221112">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=pressrelease |type=Press release }}</ref> The seventh mission is planned to launch sometime in December 2023 on a Falcon Heavy rocket, to fly in new orbital regimes.<ref>https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1733846597384151427</ref><ref name="arstech-heavy" />
Development[edit]
Origins[edit]
In 1999, NASA selected Boeing Integrated Defense Systems to design and develop an orbital vehicle, built by the California branch of Boeing's Phantom Works. Over a four-year period, a total of $192 million was spent on the project, with NASA contributing $109 million, the U.S. Air Force $16 million, and Boeing $67 million. In late 2002, a new $301 million contract was awarded to Boeing as part of NASA's Space Launch Initiative framework.<ref name="MSFC_X-37_Tech_Demonstrator">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} {{#if:||Error creating thumbnail: File missing}} {{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from {{#if:|these sources, which are|this source, which is}} in the public domain{{#if:|: {{{1}}}|.}}{{#switch:
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The aerodynamic design of the X-37 was derived from the larger Space Shuttle orbiter, hence the X-37 has a similar lift-to-drag ratio, and a lower cross range at higher altitudes and Mach numbers compared to DARPA's Hypersonic Technology Vehicle.<ref name="AFRoundtable_20100420">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> An early requirement for the spacecraft called for a total mission delta-v of {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} for orbital maneuvers.<ref name="sfnow20100402">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> An early goal for the program was for the X-37 to rendezvous with satellites and perform repairs.<ref name="nasapr19990714">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=pressrelease |type=Press release }} {{#if:||Error creating thumbnail: File missing}} {{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from {{#if:|these sources, which are|this source, which is}} in the public domain{{#if:|: {{{1}}}|.}}{{#switch:
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| main = | other | #default = }}</ref> The X-37 was originally designed to be carried into orbit in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle, but underwent redesign for launch on a Delta IV or comparable rocket after it was determined that a shuttle flight would be uneconomical.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
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The X-37 was transferred from NASA to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on 13 September 2004.<ref name="Space20040915">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Thereafter, the program became a classified project. DARPA promoted the X-37 as part of the independent space policy that the United States Department of Defense has pursued since the 1986 Challenger disaster.
Glide testing[edit]
The X-37A vehicle that was used as an atmospheric drop test glider had no propulsion system. Instead of an operational vehicle's payload bay doors, it had an enclosed and reinforced upper fuselage structure to allow it to be mated with a mothership. In September 2004, DARPA announced that for its initial atmospheric drop tests the X-37A would be launched from the Scaled Composites White Knight, a high-altitude research aircraft.<ref name="nbcnews20040916">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
On 21 June 2005, the X-37A completed a captive-carry flight underneath the White Knight from Mojave Spaceport in Mojave, California.<ref name="CNN_23_June_2005">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="designation-systems"/> Through the second half of 2005, the X-37A underwent structural upgrades, including the reinforcement of its nose wheel supports. The X-37A's public debut for its first free flight, scheduled for 10 March 2006, was canceled due to an Arctic storm.<ref name="mojave">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The next flight attempt, on 15 March 2006, was canceled due to high winds.<ref name="mojave"/>
On 24 March 2006, the X-37A flew again but a datalink failure prevented a free flight and the vehicle returned to the ground still attached to its White Knight carrier aircraft. On 7 April 2006, the X-37A made its first free glide flight. During landing, the vehicle overran the runway and sustained minor damage.<ref name="Space20060407">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Following the vehicle's extended downtime for repairs, the program moved from Mojave to Air Force Plant 42 (KPMD) in Palmdale, California, for the remainder of the flight test program. White Knight continued to be based at Mojave, though it was ferried to Plant 42 when test flights were scheduled. Five additional flights were performed,<ref name="WNflights" group="N">Source of flights: mission markings posted on side of White Knight aircraft.</ref> two of which resulted in X-37 releases with successful landings. These two free flights occurred on 18 August 2006 and 26 September 2006.<ref name="Youtube20100422">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle[edit]
On 17 November 2006, the U.S. Air Force announced that it would develop its own variant of NASA's X-37A. The Air Force version was designated the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV). The OTV program was built on earlier industry and government efforts by DARPA, NASA, and the Air Force under the leadership of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office in partnership with NASA and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Boeing was the prime contractor for the OTV program.<ref name="sfnow20100402"/><ref name="X-37B_space.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name=spaceplane_to_orbit/> The X-37B was designed to remain in orbit for up to 270 days at a time.<ref name="sfn_feb2010">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The Secretary of the Air Force stated that the OTV program would focus on "risk reduction, experimentation, and operational concept development for reusable space vehicle technologies, in support of long-term developmental space objectives".<ref name=X-37B_space.com/>
The X-37B was originally scheduled for launch in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle, but following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, it was transferred to a Delta II 7920. The X-37B was subsequently transferred to a shrouded configuration on the Atlas V rocket, following concerns over the unshrouded spacecraft's aerodynamic properties during launch.<ref name="GSP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following their missions, X-37B spacecraft primarily land on a runway at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, with Edwards Air Force Base as a secondary site.<ref name="avweek20080803">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> In 2010, manufacturing work began on the second X-37B<ref name="AW_2nd_X-37B_prepared">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}{{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#switch:¬
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On 8 October 2014, NASA confirmed that X-37B vehicles would be housed at Kennedy Space Center in Orbiter Processing Facilities (OPF) 1 and 2, hangars previously occupied by the Space Shuttle. Boeing had said the space planes would use OPF-1 in January 2014, and the Air Force had previously said it was considering consolidating X-37B operations, housed at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, nearer to their launch site at Cape Canaveral. NASA also stated that the program had completed tests to determine whether the X-37B, one-fourth the size of the Space Shuttle, could land on the former Shuttle runways.<ref name="floridatoday20141008"/> NASA furthermore stated that renovations of the two hangars would be completed by the end of 2014; the main doors of OPF-1 were marked with the message "Home of the X-37B" by this point.<ref name="floridatoday20141008">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Most of the activities of the X-37B project are secret. The official Air Force statement is that the project is "an experimental test program to demonstrate technologies for a reliable, reusable, uncrewed space test platform for the U.S. Air Force".<ref name="USAF_factsh"/> The primary objectives of the X-37B are twofold: reusable spacecraft technology and operating experiments which can be returned to Earth.<ref name="USAF_factsh"/> The Air Force states that this includes testing avionics, flight systems, guidance and navigation, thermal protection, insulation, propulsion, and re-entry systems.<ref name="Smithsonian2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Speculation regarding purpose[edit]
In May 2010, Tom Burghardt speculated on Space Daily that the X-37B could be used as a spy satellite or to deliver weapons from space. The Pentagon subsequently denied claims that the X-37B's test missions supported the development of space-based weapons.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
In January 2012, allegations were made that the X-37B was being used to spy on China's Tiangong-1 space station module.<ref name="register20120106">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Former U.S. Air Force orbital analyst Brian Weeden later rejected this claim, emphasizing that the different orbits of the two spacecraft precluded any practical surveillance flybys.<ref name="ibtimes20120109">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
In October 2014, The Guardian reported the claims of security experts that the X-37B was being used "to test reconnaissance and spy sensors, particularly how they hold up against radiation and other hazards of orbit".<ref name="guardian20141027">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
In November 2016, the International Business Times speculated that the U.S. government was testing a version of the EmDrive electromagnetic microwave thruster on the fourth flight of the X-37B.<ref name="ibtimes20161107">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> In 2009, an EmDrive technology transfer contract with Boeing was undertaken via a State Department TAA and a UK export license, approved by the UK Ministry of Defence.<ref name="Shawyer2015">{{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}{{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#switch:¬
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}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Fix with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| cat | cat-date | cat-date2 | cat-date3 | cat2 | cat3 | class | date | link | name | nocat | post-text | pre-text | special | subst | text | title }} }}</ref> Boeing has since stated that it is no longer pursuing this area of research.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The U.S. Air Force has stated that the X-37B is testing a Hall-effect thruster system for Aerojet Rocketdyne.<ref name="sfn20150427"/>
In July 2019, former United States Secretary of the Air Force Heather Wilson explained that when an X-37B was in an elliptic orbit it could, at perigee, use the thin atmosphere to make an orbit change preventing some observers from discovering the new orbit for a while, permitting secret activities.<ref name=military-20190723>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Astronomer Jonathan McDowell, editor of Jonathan's Space Report, has stated that satellites launched from the X-37B were not reported, as required by the Registration Convention, to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs so other parties to the convention would not know about them.<ref name=scmp-20191029>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Processing[edit]
Processing for the X-37 is carried out inside Bays 1 and 2 of the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where the vehicle is loaded with its payload. The X-37 is then placed inside a fairing along with its stage adapter and transported to the launch site. Previous launch sites have included SLC-41 and Kennedy Space Center LC-39A.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Landing is done at one of three sites across the US: the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center, Vandenberg Space Force Base, or Edwards Air Force Base. To return to Kennedy Space Center, the X-37 is placed into a payload canister and loaded into a Boeing C-17 cargo plane. Once at Kennedy, the X-37 is unloaded and towed to the OPF, where it is prepared for its next flight. Technicians must wear protective suits due to toxic hypergolic gases.{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#switch:¬
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Design[edit]
The X-37 Orbital Test Vehicle is a reusable robotic spaceplane. It is an approximately 120-percent-scale derivative of the Boeing X-40,<ref name=MSFC_X-37_Tech_Demonstrator /><ref name="avweek20080803"/> measuring over {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} in length, and features two angled tail fins.<ref name=USAF_factsh>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
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| main = | other | #default = }}|preview=Page using Template:Sfn with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ignore-err | loc | p | page | pages | postscript | pp | ps | ref | Ref }} The X-37 launches atop an Atlas V 501<ref name="USAF_factsh"/><ref name="spaceplane_to_orbit"/> or a SpaceX Falcon 9<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> or Falcon Heavy<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> rocket. The spaceplane is designed to operate in a speed range of up to Mach 25 on its reentry.<ref name="nbcnews20050527">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="nasax37facts2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} {{#if:||Error creating thumbnail: File missing}} {{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from {{#if:|these sources, which are|this source, which is}} in the public domain{{#if:|: {{{1}}}|.}}{{#switch:
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The technologies demonstrated in the X-37 include an improved thermal protection system, enhanced avionics, an autonomous guidance system and an advanced airframe.{{#invoke:Footnotes|sfn|template=sfn}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
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| main = | other | #default = }}|preview=Page using Template:Sfn with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ignore-err | loc | p | page | pages | postscript | pp | ps | ref | Ref }} The spaceplane's thermal protection system is built upon previous generations of atmospheric reentry spacecraft,<ref name="USAF_CollMaxwell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=report }}</ref> incorporating silica ceramic tiles.<ref name="AF_press_conference">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The X-37's avionics suite was used by Boeing to develop its CST-100 crewed spacecraft.<ref name="Space20120405">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The development of the X-37 was to "aid in the design and development of NASA's Orbital Space Plane, designed to provide a crew rescue and crew transport capability to and from the International Space Station", according to a NASA fact sheet.<ref name="spdaily20120617">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
The X-37 for NASA was to be powered by one Aerojet AR2-3 engine using storable propellants, providing thrust of {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}.<ref name="AndersonW2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=conference }}</ref> The human-rated AR2-3 engine had been used on the dual-power NF-104A astronaut training vehicle and was given a new flight certification for use on the X-37 with hydrogen peroxide/JP-8 propellants.<ref name="nasa20090724">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This was reportedly changed to a hypergolic nitrogen-tetroxide/hydrazine propulsion system.<ref name="GSP"/><ref name="airspace201602">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
The X-37 lands automatically upon returning from orbit and is the third reusable spacecraft to have such a capability, after the Soviet Buran shuttle<ref name="rockets_and_people">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }} {{#if:||Error creating thumbnail: File missing}} {{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from {{#if:|these sources, which are|this source, which is}} in the public domain{{#if:|: {{{1}}}|.}}{{#switch:
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| main = | other | #default = }}</ref> and the U.S. space shuttle, which had automatic landing capability by the mid-1990s, but never tested it.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The X-37 is the smallest and lightest orbital spaceplane flown to date; it has a launch mass of around {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} and is approximately one quarter the size of the Space Shuttle orbiter.<ref name="X-37B_shrouded"/>
On 13 April 2015, the Space Foundation awarded the X-37 team with the 2015 Space Achievement Award "for significantly advancing the state of the art for reusable spacecraft and on-orbit operations, with the design, development, test and orbital operation of the X-37B space flight vehicle over three missions totaling 1,367 days in space".<ref name='Award2015'>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Operational history[edit]
The two operational X-37Bs have completed six orbital missions; they have spent a combined 3,774.4 days (10.34 years) in space.
| Flight | Vehicle | Launch date | Landing date | Launcher | Mission<ref name="gunter-otv">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Duration | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OTV-1 | 1 | 22 April 2010 23:52 UTC |
3 December 2010 09:16 UTC |
Atlas V 501 | USA-212 | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-2 | 2 | 5 March 2011 22:46 UTC |
16 June 2012 12:48 UTC |
Atlas V 501 | USA-226 | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-3 | 1 | 11 December 2012 18:03 UTC |
17 October 2014 16:24 UTC |
Atlas V 501 | USA-240 | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-4 | 2 | 20 May 2015 15:05 UTC |
7 May 2017 11:47 UTC |
Atlas V 501 | USA-261 (AFSPC-5) | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-5 | 2 | 7 September 2017 14:00 UTC |
27 October 2019 07:51 UTC |
Falcon 9 Block 4 | USA-277 | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-6 | 1 | 17 May 2020 13:14 UTC |
12 November 2022 10:22 UTC |
Atlas V 501 | USA-299 (USSF-7) | Template:Time interval |
|
Success | |
| OTV-7 | 2 | 12 December 2023 | Falcon Heavy | USSF-52 |
|
Planned |
OTV-1[edit]
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The first X-37B launched on its first mission – OTV-1/USA-212 – on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral SLC-41 on 22 April 2010 at 23:52 UTC. The spacecraft was placed into low Earth orbit for testing.<ref name="spaceplane_to_orbit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> While the U.S. Air Force revealed few orbital details of the mission, a worldwide network of amateur astronomers claimed to have identified the spacecraft in orbit. On 22 May 2010, the spacecraft was in an inclination of 39.99°, circling the Earth once every 90 minutes on an orbit {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}.<ref name="Space_Plane_Spotted">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="Amateur_astronomers_unravel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> OTV-1 reputedly passed over the same given spot on Earth every four days, and operated at an altitude that is typical for military surveillance satellites.<ref name="nytimes20100521">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Such an orbit is also common among civilian LEO satellites, and the spaceplane's altitude was the same as that of the ISS and most other crewed spacecraft.
The U.S. Air Force announced a 3–6 December landing on 30 November 2010.<ref name="usaf20101130">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="avweek20101130">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}{{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#switch:¬
|¬={{#invoke:Category handler|main}}
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}}{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}{{#if:
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}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Fix with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| cat | cat-date | cat-date2 | cat-date3 | cat2 | cat3 | class | date | link | name | nocat | post-text | pre-text | special | subst | text | title }} }}</ref> As scheduled, the X-37B was de-orbited, reentered Earth's atmosphere, and landed successfully at Vandenberg AFB on 3 December 2010, at 09:16 UTC,<ref name="sfnow20101203">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="AW_X-37B_completes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="BBC_X-37B_returns">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> conducting the first US autonomous orbital landing onto a runway. This was the first such landing since the Soviet Buran shuttle in 1988. In all, OTV-1 spent Template:Time interval in space.<ref name="spaceplane_to_orbit"/><ref name="sfnow20101203"/> OTV-1 suffered a tire blowout during landing and sustained minor damage to its underside.<ref name=AW_2nd_X-37B_prepared/>
OTV-2[edit]
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The second X-37B launched on its inaugural mission, designated OTV-2/USA-226,<ref name="n2yo37375">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral SLC-41 on 5 March 2011 at 22:46 UTC.<ref name="sfnow20110305">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The mission was classified and described by the U.S. military as an effort to test new space technologies.<ref name="Space20110505">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> On 29 November 2011, the U.S. Air Force announced that it would extend USA-226 beyond the 270-day baseline duration.<ref name="sfn20111129">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> In April 2012, General William L. Shelton of the Air Force Space Command declared the ongoing mission a "spectacular success".<ref name="nbcnews20120509">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
On 30 May 2012, the Air Force stated that the X-37B would land at Vandenberg AFB in June 2012.<ref name="usaf20120530">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="Space20120530">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The spacecraft landed autonomously on 16 June 2012, having spent Template:Time interval in space.<ref name="sfnow20110305"/><ref name=X372012>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="SpaceComLanding">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
OTV-3[edit]
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The third mission and second flight of the first X-37B, OTV-3 was originally scheduled to launch on 25 October 2012,<ref name="sfnow20120918">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> but was postponed because of an engine issue with the Atlas V launch vehicle.<ref name="afmag20121025">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> It was successfully launched from Cape Canaveral SLC-41 on 11 December 2012 at 18:03 UTC.<ref name="X-37B_shrouded">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="LaunchTheThird">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="December2012OTV">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Once in orbit, the spacecraft was designated USA-240.<ref name="nssdc2012071a">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} {{#if:||Error creating thumbnail: File missing}} {{#if:|One or more of the preceding sentences|This article}} incorporates text from {{#if:|these sources, which are|this source, which is}} in the public domain{{#if:|: {{{1}}}|.}}{{#switch:
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| main = | other | #default = }}</ref><ref name="usaf20121211">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Landing occurred at Vandenberg AFB on 17 October 2014 at 16:24 UTC, after a total time in orbit of Template:Time interval.<ref name="LaunchTheThird"/><ref name="fltglobal20141017"/><ref name="guardian20141017"/><ref name="space20141017"/>
OTV-4 (AFSPC-5)[edit]
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The fourth X-37B mission, OTV-4, was codenamed AFSPC-5 and designated as USA-261 in orbit. It was the second flight of the second X-37B vehicle.<ref name="GSP"/> The X-37B launched on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral SLC-41 on 20 May 2015 at 15:05 UTC.<ref name="sfnow20150520">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Objectives included a test of Aerojet Rocketdyne's XR-5A Hall-effect thruster in support of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency communications satellite program,<ref name="sfn20150427">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="ajrdpr20150701">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=pressrelease |type=Press release }}</ref> and a NASA investigation on the performance of various materials in space<ref name="GSP"/><ref name="Award2015"/><ref name="space20150520">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> for at least 200 days.<ref name="GSP"/> The vehicle spent what was then a record-breaking Template:Time interval in orbit before landing at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility on 7 May 2017 at 11:47 UTC.<ref name="sfnow20170507">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
OTV-5[edit]
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
The fifth X-37B mission, designated USA-277 in orbit,<ref name="gunter-otv" /> was launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A on 7 September 2017 at 14:00 UTC, just before the arrival of Hurricane Irma.<ref name="verge-20170907">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="nsf-20170907">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> The launch vehicle was a Falcon 9 rocket,<ref name="nsf-20170907" /> and a number of small satellites also shared the ride.<ref name="afspc-20170831" /> The spacecraft was inserted at a higher inclination orbit than previous missions, further expanding the X-37B's envelope.<ref name="afspc-20170831">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the flight, the spacecraft modified its orbit using an on-board propulsion system.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> While the complete payload for OTV-5 is classified, the Air Force announced that one experiment flying is the Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader II (ASETS-II), which measures the performance of an oscillating heat pipe.<ref name="afrl-asets2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The mission was completed with the vehicle landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility on 27 October 2019 at 07:51 UTC.<ref name="sfnow20191027">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="today20191027">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
OTV-6 (USSF 7)[edit]
.jpg)
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The sixth X-37B mission (OTV-6), U.S. Space Force 7 (formerly known as AFSPC 7), launched on an Atlas V 501 rocket from Cape Canaveral SLC-41 on 17 May 2020 at 13:14:00 UTC.<ref name="nsf20200517">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> This mission is the first time the spaceplane has carried a service module, a ring attached to the rear of the vehicle for hosting multiple experiments.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The mission hosts more experiments than prior X-37B flights, including two NASA experiments. One is a sample plate evaluating the reaction of select materials to conditions in space. The second studies the effect of ambient space radiation on seeds. A third experiment designed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) transforms solar power into radio frequency microwave energy, then studies transmitting that energy to Earth. The X-37B remains a Department of the Air Force asset, but the newly established U.S. Space Force is responsible for the launch, on-orbit operations, and landing.<ref name="SFN20200506">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref><ref name="ussf20200506">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The X-37B released a small, {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} satellite named FalconSat-8 (USA-300) around 28 May 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> Developed by United States Air Force Academy cadets in partnership with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), the small satellite carries five experimental payloads. The spacecraft will test a novel electromagnetic propulsion system, low-weight antenna technology and a commercial reaction wheel to provide attitude control in orbit. According to the United States Air Force Academy, FalconSat-8's experiments include:<ref name="sfn20200517">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
- Magnetogradient Electrostatic Plasma Thruster (MEP) – Novel electromagnetic propulsion system
- MetaMaterial Antenna (MMA) – Low size, weight, power antenna with phased array-like performance
- Carbon nanotube experiment (CANOE) – RF cabling with carbon nanotube braiding flexed using shape-memory alloy
- Attitude Control and Energy Storage (ACES) – Commercial reaction wheel modified into a flywheel for energy storage and release
- SkyPad – Off-the-shelf cameras and GPUs integrated into low-SWAP (size, weight and power) package
The mission was completed with the vehicle landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility on 12 November 2022 at 10:22 UTC.<ref name="ussf-20221112"/>
OTV-7 (USSF-52)[edit]
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The fourth flight of second X-37B and seventh overall X-37B mission was planned to be launched on SpaceX's Falcon Heavy on 12 December 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This has been delayed, and the current launch date is expected to be no earlier than 28 December 2023<ref>https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1735837375744651476?t=HRn-zknmbL37XU2e9uh6sA&s=19</ref> as of 17 December 2023. The orbit is expected to be higher than previous missions.<ref name="arstech-heavy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
Variants[edit]
X-37A[edit]
The X-37A Approach and Landing Test Vehicle (ALTV) was an initial NASA version of the spacecraft used in drop glide tests in 2005 and 2006.<ref name="designation-systems">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Shuttle_Jr"/>
X-37B[edit]
The X-37B is a modified version of the NASA X-37A, built for the U.S. Air Force.<ref name="USAF_factsh"/> Two have been built and used for multiple orbital missions.<ref name="LaunchTheThird"/>
X-37C[edit]
In 2011, Boeing announced plans for a scaled-up variant of the X-37B, referring to it as the X-37C. This spacecraft was planned to be between 165% and 180% of the size of the X-37B, allowing it to transport up to six astronauts inside a pressurized compartment housed in the cargo bay. The Atlas V was this variant's proposed launch vehicle.<ref name=sdc20111007>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref> In this role, Boeing's X-37C could potentially compete with the corporation's CST-100 Starliner commercial space capsule.<ref name="cis20120325">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Specifications[edit]
{{#invoke:Multiple image|render}}
X-37B[edit]
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}} |imp|kts= {{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Swept wingspan:}} {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}} swept
|{{#if:
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} swept
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} swept
}}}}
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Swept wingspan:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} swept
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Diameter: {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Diameter: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|* Diameter: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}} |imp|kts= {{#if:
|* Diameter: {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{#if:
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Diameter: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Width: {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Width: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|* Width: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}} |imp|kts= {{#if:
|* Width: {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{#if:
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Width: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Height: {{#if:9
|{{#if:6|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:9
|{{#if:6
|* Height: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|* Height: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}} |imp|kts= {{#if:9
|* Height: {{#if:
|{{#if:6|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{#if:6
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Height: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Wing area: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Wing area: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Wing area: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Wing area: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Wing area:}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }} swept
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Wing area:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} swept
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Wing area:}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} swept
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| spread,|* Wing area:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} swept
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Volume: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Volume: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Volume: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Volume: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Aspect ratio:
}}{{
#if:
|* Airfoil:
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Empty weight: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Empty weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Empty weight: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Empty weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Gross weight: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Gross weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Gross weight: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Gross weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Max takeoff weight: {{#if:11000|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:11000
|* Max takeoff weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:11000
|* Max takeoff weight: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Max takeoff weight: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
- if:
|* Fuel capacity:
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Useful lift: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Useful lift: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Useful lift: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Useful lift: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if: * Electrical power: Gallium arsenide solar cells with lithium-ion batteries<ref name=USAF_factsh/>
- Payload bay: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}<ref name="boeingx37b"/>
|* Electrical power: Gallium arsenide solar cells with lithium-ion batteries<ref name=USAF_factsh/>
- Payload bay: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}<ref name="boeingx37b"/>
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}} |imp|kts={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:| hp ( kW)|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} thrust {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine, {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:1|{{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: 1 × rocket engine
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}} |imp|kts={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| hp ( kW)|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}} |imp|kts={{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:| hp ( kW)|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} thrust {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|{{#if:
|* Powerplant: × , {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} {{#if:|{{#ifexpr: > 1 | each }}}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}
}}
}}
|* Powerplant: ×
}}
}}{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
|{{#if:
|{{#if:| dry,|,}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} with afterburner
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Main rotor diameter: {{#ifeq:|1||{{{rot number}}} ×}} {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|{{#if:
|* Main rotor diameter: {{#ifeq:|1||{{{rot number}}} ×}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|* Main rotor diameter: {{#ifeq:|1||{{{rot number}}} ×}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}} |imp|kts= {{#if:
|* Main rotor diameter: {{#ifeq:|1||{{{rot number}}} ×}} {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{#if:
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Main rotor diameter: {{#ifeq:|1||{{{rot number}}} ×}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Main rotor area: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Main rotor area: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Main rotor area: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Main rotor area: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Propellers: {{
#if:|{{#ifeq:|1|single blade|{{{prop blade number}}}-bladed}}}}
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|{{#if:|,|* Propellers:}} {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}} diameter
|{{#if:
|{{#if:
|{{#if:|,|* Propellers:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} diameter
|{{#if:|,|* Propellers:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} diameter
}}
}}
}} |imp|kts= {{#if:
|{{#if:|,|* Propellers:}} {{#if:
|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}} diameter
|{{#if:
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} diameter
|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} diameter
}}}}
|{{#if:
|{{#if:|,|* Propellers:}} {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} diameter
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|{{{more power}}}
}}
{{#ifeq:{{safesubst:#switch:
|no |n |f |false |off |0 = | = |¬ = |yes |y |t |true |on |1 = yes |#default = no
}}|yes||Performance
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Maximum speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{
#if:
|* Maximum speed: Mach
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Cruise speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Stall speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Never exceed speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Minimum control speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Combat range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |imp={{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} |kts={{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}}|{{#if:|* Ferry range: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}} }} }} }} {{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},|{{#if:|({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}},}}}}}} {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})|{{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert|abbr=on always|warnings=1}})}}}}}} }}{{
#if:
|* Endurance:
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Service ceiling: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Service ceiling: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Service ceiling: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Service ceiling: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|* g limits: {{{g limits}}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Roll rate: {{{roll rate}}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Maximum glide ratio: {{{glide ratio}}}
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Rate of climb: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Rate of climb: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Rate of climb: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Rate of climb: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Time to altitude:
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Rate of sink: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Rate of sink: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Rate of sink: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Rate of sink: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{
#if:
|* Lift-to-drag: {{{lift to drag}}}
}}{{#switch:imp
|met={{#if:
|* Wing loading: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Wing loading: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
|* Wing loading: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}}}
|{{#if:
|* Wing loading: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
}}{{#switch:imp |met={{#if:
|* Disk loading: {{#if:|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} ({{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}})|{{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} }}
|{{#if:
|* Disk loading: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}
}}
}}
|imp | kts = {{#if:
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}}{{
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|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Orbit: Low Earth orbit
- Orbital time: 270 days (design)<ref name="Timesonline">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=news }}</ref>{{#if:|<ref group="N" follow="">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|{{#if:|<ref name="" group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|<ref group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>}}}} 908 days (demonstrated)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>|
- Orbital speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}<ref name="SeeSat-May2012">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Orbit: Low Earth orbit
- Orbital time: 270 days (design)<ref name="Timesonline">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=news }}</ref>{{#if:|<ref group="N" follow="">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|{{#if:|<ref name="" group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|<ref group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>}}}} 908 days (demonstrated)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> }}{{
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Armament
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Avionics
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}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:* Electrical power: Gallium arsenide solar cells with lithium-ion batteries<ref name=USAF_factsh/>
- Payload bay: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}<ref name="boeingx37b"/>|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:*Orbital speed: {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}<ref name="SeeSat-May2012">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Orbit: Low Earth orbit
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|CitationClass=news }}</ref>{{#if:|<ref group="N" follow="">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|{{#if:|<ref name="" group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>|<ref group="N">This figure is based on pre-launch design estimates; it does not reflect the spacecraft's actual performance capacity.</ref>}}}} 908 days (demonstrated)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>|}}{{#if:|
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}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
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See also[edit]
{{#invoke:Portal|portal}}
- Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar, the U.S. Air Force's original (1958–1963) spaceplane program, cancelled before craft was constructed
- Dream Chaser, a lifting-body spaceplane being developed by Sierra Nevada Corporation
- Orbital Sciences X-34, a proposed uncrewed suborbital reusable-rocket technology testbed
- RLV Technology Demonstration Programme, Indian reusable spaceplane development project
- Hermes (spacecraft), a proposed ESA spacecraft design
- HOPE-X, a similar-sized vehicle of comparable role by JAXA (cancelled)
- HYFLEX, a Japanese lifting body spaceplane in 1996, precursor to HOPE-X
- Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV), an ESA designed experimental reentry vehicle
- Shenlong (spacecraft), a Chinese reusable robotic spaceplane under development, first tested in 2011 (suborbital flight)
- {{ safesubst:#invoke:Annotated link | main
| wikidata = | not_wikidata_for_links_starting_with = List of # Index of # Glossary of # Outline of # Timeline of # History of | not_wikidata_descriptions_including = wikimedia # mediawiki # wikipedia # list # index # glossary # outline # overview
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- Skylon (spacecraft), a British reusable uncrewed spaceplane in development
- Space Rider, a planned robotic spaceplane follow-up to IXV by ESA
- List of USA satellites
- List of X-planes
- Collier Trophy
Explanatory notes[edit]
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
| {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }} |style="column-width: {{{1}}};"}}
| {{#if: |style="column-width: {{{colwidth}}};"}}
}}>
<references group="N" responsive="{{#if:|0|1}}"></references>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
{{#if:
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| {{#ifeq:|
| main
| other
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| main = | other | #default = }}|preview=Page using Template:Reflist with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }}
References[edit]
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
| {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }} |style="column-width: {{{1}}};"}}
| {{#if: |style="column-width: {{{colwidth}}};"}}
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<references group="" responsive="{{#if:|0|1}}"><ref name="fltglobal20141017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
<ref name="guardian20141017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</ref>
<ref name="space20141017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news
}}</ref></references>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{#switch:
{{#if:
| {{{demospace}}}
| {{#ifeq:|
| main
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}}
| main = | other | #default = }}|preview=Page using Template:Reflist with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }}
Further reading[edit]
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
| column-width: {{#if:1|30em}}
| column-width: 30em
}}
}}
| {{#if:
| column-width: 30em
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}}">
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=book }}
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=book }}
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=book }}
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=book }}
External links[edit]
- X-37 Orbital Test Vehicle fact sheet {{#invoke:webarchive|webarchive}} from the U.S. Air Force
- X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle page at Boeing.com
- X-37 fact sheet {{#invoke:webarchive|webarchive}} at NASA.gov
Template:X-37B flights {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Reusable launch systems Template:AFRL spacecraft Template:Spaceplanes {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}}
- Pages using short description with unknown parameters
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- Use American English from September 2020
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- All Wikipedia articles written in American English
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- Pages using Use dmy dates template with unknown parameters
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- Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
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- Aircraft specs templates using improper note parameter
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- Boeing military aircraft
- Spaceplanes
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- NASA programs
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- Mojave Air and Space Port
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- Secret space vehicles
- Equipment of the United States Space Force
- Uncrewed spacecraft
- Boeing X-37
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- Collier Trophy recipients