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{{Short description|Public warehouse used during the ancient Roman period}} | {{Short description|Public warehouse used during the ancient Roman period}} | ||
{{for|the Collegium|Collegium: Horreum}} | {{for|the Collegium|Collegium:Horreum}} | ||
A '''''horreum''''' (plural: ''horrea'') was a type of public warehouse used during the [[Ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] period. Although the [[Latin language|Latin]] term is often used to refer to [[granary|granaries]]. By the end of the imperial period, the city of Rome had nearly 300 ''horrea'' to supply its demands.<ref>Peter Lampe, ''Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus'', p. 61. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. {{ISBN|0-8264-8102-7}}</ref> The biggest were enormous, even by modern standards; the Horrea Galbae contained 140 rooms on the ground floor alone, covering an area of some 225,000 square feet (21,000 m<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="Potter">David Stone Potter, D. J. Mattingly, ''Life, Death, and Entertainment in the Roman Empire'', p. 180. University of Michigan Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-472-08568-9}}</ref> They provided storage for not only the annona publica (public grain supply) but also a great variety of resources like olive oil and foodstuffs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richardson |title=A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome |date=1992 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |pages=193}}</ref> The amount of storage space available in the public ''horrea'' can be judged by the fact that when the emperor [[Septimius Severus]] died in 211 AD, he is said to have left the city's ''horrea'' stocked with enough food to supply Rome's million-strong population for seven years.<ref name="Métreaux">Guy P.R. Métreaux, "Villa rustica alimentaria et annonaria", in ''The Roman Villa: Villa Urbana'', ed. Alfred Frazer, p[. 14-15. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 1998. {{ISBN|0-924171-59-6}}</ref> Smaller (though similar) ''horrea'' were a standard feature of Roman towns, cities and forts throughout the empire; well-preserved examples of military ''horrea'' have been excavated on [[Hadrian's Wall]] in [[England]], notably at the forts of [[Housesteads]], [[Corbridge]] and [[South Shields]].<ref>David Soren, ''A Roman Villa and a Late Roman Infant Cemetery'', p. 209. L'Erma di Bretschneider, 1999. {{ISBN|88-7062-989-9}}</ref> | A '''''horreum''''' (plural: ''horrea'') was a type of public warehouse used during the [[Ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] period. Although the [[Latin language|Latin]] term is often used to refer to [[granary|granaries]]. By the end of the imperial period, the city of Rome had nearly 300 ''horrea'' to supply its demands.<ref>Peter Lampe, ''Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus'', p. 61. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. {{ISBN|0-8264-8102-7}}</ref> The biggest were enormous, even by modern standards; the Horrea Galbae contained 140 rooms on the ground floor alone, covering an area of some 225,000 square feet (21,000 m<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="Potter">David Stone Potter, D. J. Mattingly, ''Life, Death, and Entertainment in the Roman Empire'', p. 180. University of Michigan Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-472-08568-9}}</ref> They provided storage for not only the annona publica (public grain supply) but also a great variety of resources like olive oil and foodstuffs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richardson |title=A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome |date=1992 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |pages=193}}</ref> The amount of storage space available in the public ''horrea'' can be judged by the fact that when the emperor [[Septimius Severus]] died in 211 AD, he is said to have left the city's ''horrea'' stocked with enough food to supply Rome's million-strong population for seven years.<ref name="Métreaux">Guy P.R. Métreaux, "Villa rustica alimentaria et annonaria", in ''The Roman Villa: Villa Urbana'', ed. Alfred Frazer, p[. 14-15. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 1998. {{ISBN|0-924171-59-6}}</ref> Smaller (though similar) ''horrea'' were a standard feature of Roman towns, cities and forts throughout the empire; well-preserved examples of military ''horrea'' have been excavated on [[Hadrian's Wall]] in [[England]], notably at the forts of [[Housesteads]], [[Corbridge]] and [[South Shields]].<ref>David Soren, ''A Roman Villa and a Late Roman Infant Cemetery'', p. 209. L'Erma di Bretschneider, 1999. {{ISBN|88-7062-989-9}}</ref> | ||